Energy storage for electric vehicles in finland

Should EV batteries be remanufactured in Finland?

For future research, the Finnish EVB CE should be studied again in a few years when there are more EVs in the road. Also, the CE of special vehicle batteries could be studied. Generally, it seems that there are not yet extensive studies related to the remanufacturing of vehicle batteries, which is a significant research gap.

Can EV batteries be used for energy storage?

We also found that there are some innovative companies who are developing diagnostics solutions and repurposing batteries, for example, for energy storage. However, only EV batteries with certain properties, such as liquid cooling, are used for this purpose.

How long do EV batteries last?

EV batteries reach their EOL in 8–10 years after a certain number of charging cycles (Hu et al. 2022 ), when they still have 60–80% of their original capacity left (Olsson et al. 2018; Saxena et al. 2015 ).

Which companies are interested in smart energy storage systems?

The company’s customer base includes the logistics company Logitri Oy, Ahola Group Oy, Heka Oy, and Keskusosuuskunta Oulun Seudun Sähkö. In particular, large logistics companies and vehicle charging stations are interested in smart energy storage systems, as the electrification of transportation requires investments in charging infrastructure.

Are EV libs sustainable?

The manufacturing of EV LIBs is energy intensive and polluting, and it requires scarce or non-sustainable materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel (Albertsen et al. 2021; Jaffe 2017 ). Cobalt is mostly mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sometimes in socially non-sustainable ways.