Energy storage density of energy storage ceramics

Are dielectric ceramics suitable for energy storage?

Dielectric ceramics, renowned for their ultra-fast discharge rates, superior power density, and excellent high-temperature resistance, have garnered considerable interest in energy storage applications. However, their practical implementation is impeded by their low recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) and low efficiency (η) 2.

Can lead-free ceramics achieve ultrahigh energy storage density 10 J cm 3?

Recently, high Wrec and high η have been reported in some Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT)-based lead-free ceramics 19, 20, 21. However, the great challenge of realizing ultrahigh energy storage density (Wrec ≥10 J cm −3) with simultaneous ultrahigh efficiency (η ≥ 90%) still exists in lead-free ceramics and has not been overcome.

What is a high recoverable energy storage density (WREC)?

A high recoverable energy storage density (Wrec), efficiency (η), and improved temperature stability are hot topics to estimate the industrial applicability of ceramic materials. A large maximum polarization (Pmax), low remnant polarization (Pr), and high breakdown field (Eb) are sought after to attain a greater Wrec and η.

How to achieve a good energy storage density?

According to the above definition, the key to achieve excellent energy storage density is to increase Pmax while reducing Pr (i.e., obtaining high ΔP = Pmax - Pr) and enhancing Eb, the breakdown strength, which is closely associated with the maximum applied electric field the ceramics can withstand.

Which lead-free ceramic systems have the best energy storage properties?

Further breakthroughs in energy storage properties were also achieved in other representative lead-free ceramic systems, such as the excellent Wrec values of 7.4, 8.2, and 12.2 J cm −3 in (K,Na)NbO 3 (KNN), BiFeO 3 (BF), and NaNbO 3 (NN)-based systems, respectively 7, 8, 9.

What is the energy storage density of tetragonal tungsten bronze-based ferroelectric?

Thus, an ultrahigh energy storage density of 12.2 J cm −3 with an low energy consumption was achieved at an electric field of 950 kV cm −1. This is the highest known energy storage performance in tetragonal tungsten bronze-based ferroelectric. Notably, this ceramic shows remarkable stability over frequency, temperature, and cycling electric fields.