Highway energy storage needs

What are the short-term grid storage demands?

These scenarios report short-term grid storage demands of 3.4, 9, 8.8, and 19.2 terawatt hours (TWh) for the IRENA Planned Energy, IRENA Transforming Energy, Storage Lab Conservative, and Storage Lab Optimistic scenarios, respectively.

What is short-term energy storage demand?

Short-term energy storage demand is typically defined as a typical 4-hour storage system, referring to the ability of a storage system to operate at a capacity where the maximum power delivered from that storage over time can be maintained for 4 hours.

Can EV batteries supply short-term storage facilities?

For higher vehicle utilisation, neglecting battery pack thermal management in the degradation model will generally result in worse battery lifetimes, leading to a conservative estimate of electric vehicle lifetime. As such our modelling suggests a conservative lower bound of the potential for EV batteries to supply short-term storage facilities.

What are the supply-side options for reducing energy demand?

There are several supply-side options for addressing these concerns: energy storage, firm electricity generators (such as nuclear or geothermal generators), long-distance electricity transmission, over-building of RE (resulting in curtailment in periods of lower demand), and power-to-gas 3 (in approximate ascending order of today’s estimated cost).

What is short-term storage capacity & power capacity?

The short-term storage capacity and power capacity are defined based on a typical 1-time equivalent full charging/discharge cycle per day (amounting to 4 hours of cumulative maximum discharge power per day).

Should EV batteries be used as stationary storage?

Low participation rates of 12%–43% are needed to provide short-term grid storage demand globally. Participation rates fall below 10% if half of EV batteries at end-of-vehicle-life are used as stationary storage. Short-term grid storage demand could be met as early as 2030 across most regions.